Cloning Enters A New Era


         MANY MAJOR U-S NEWSPAPERS, BEGINNING WITH SUNDAY'S NEW 
         YORK TIMES AND MONDAY'S WASHINGTON POST ALONG WITH MANY 
         OTHER PAPERS, RAN THE STORY OF THE SCOTTISH ACHIEVEMENT 
         ON THE FRONT PAGE.  THE POST DESCRIBED HOW THE 
         TEAM, HEADED BY EMBRYOLOGIST IAN WILMUT AT THE ROSLIN 
         INSTITUTE IN MIDLOTHIAN, HAD USED THE DNA OF AN ADULT 
         SHEEP, AND THROUGH A COMPLICATED PROCESS, CAUSED IT TO 
         BEHAVE LIKE A FERTILIZED EGG.  IT WAS THEN PLACED IN THE
         WOMB OF ANOTHER SHEEP TO DEVELOP AND BE BORN.

MANY U-S PAPERS ARE COMMENTING ON THIS SINGULAR ACHIEVEMENT, WITH ONE COMPARING IT TO THE DAWN OF THE ATOMIC AGE, AND ANOTHER TO MAN'S DISCOVERY OF FIRE. OTHERS ARE PONDERING THE MORAL AND ETHICAL QUESTIONS THAT WILL ARISE MUCH FASTER THAN ANTICIPATED WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF CLONING HUMANS. WE BEGIN OUR SAMPLING OF EDITORIAL REACTION IN SAN DIEGO WHERE THE UNION-TRIBUNE WONDERS ABOUT IMPLICATIONS.

"THE PROFOUND IMPLICATIONS OF THIS FEAT ..... ARE IMPOSSIBLE TO GRASP TODAY. THE BREAKTHROUGH IS COMPARABLE, PERHAPS, TO THE FIRST ATOMIC CHAIN REACTION, ACHIEVED IN A UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LABORATORY IN 1942. AT THAT MOMENT, NO ONE COULD COMPREHEND HOW THE DISCOVERY WOULD TRANSFORM THE WORLD. AND ALTHOUGH THE ATOMIC AGE BROUGHT WITH IT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS AND A HOST OF OTHER SIGNIFICANT BENEFITS, IT ALSO LED INEXORABLY TO THE HYDROGEN BOMB, WITH ALL OF ITS FRIGHTENING CONSEQUENCES." TURNING TO THE AGRICULTURAL HEARTLAND OF AMERICA, THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE, HAS THIS COMMENT ON HOW THE NEWS WAS RECEIVED BY OTHERS.

"REACTIONS TO THE NEWS THAT SCIENTISTS .... HAVE CLONED A MAMMAL - - POSSIBLY OPENING THE WAY TO CLONING OF HUMANS -- WERE DOMINATED, PERHAPS APPROPRIATELY, BY CLICHES AND PLATITUDES. 'THE GENIE IS OUT OF THE BOTTLE,' SEEMED TO BE THE FAVORITE STEREOTYPICAL EXPRESSION OF COMMENTATORS MONDAY, FOLLOWED CLOSELY BY REFERENCES TO 'THE SLIPPERY SLOPE.' ..... THE FACT IS THAT NOW THAT CLONING OF MAMMALS ..... HAS BEEN SHOWN POSSIBLE ... THERE PROBABLY IS NO CONTAINING IT EITHER..... BIOLOGICALLY, A CLONE IS NOT THE SON OR DAUGHTER OF THE ONE CLONED; IT IS THE IDENTICAL TWIN, ALTHOUGH CLONE AND ORIGINAL COULD BE SEPARATED IN AGE BY ... DECADES. THAT HAS TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN HOW THEY RELATE TO EACH OTHER. CLONING IS RADICALLY DIFFERENT IN ANOTHER WAY. MAKING A CHILD THE OLD-FASHIONED WAY INVOLVES A SHARING OF ONESELF WITH ANOTHER IN AN ACT THAT HAS BOTH PHYSICAL--EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES AND SOCIAL--SPIRITUAL ONES. CLONING ONESELF, BY CONTRAST, WOULD SEEM THE ULTIMATE SELF-REGARDING ACT, AN ASSERTION BY THE CLONED THAT HE OR SHE NEEDS AND WANTS NO ONE ELSE. CAN SOCIETY STAND MANY SUCH PERSONALITIES?"

THE SAN FRANCISCO CHRONICLE, EQUALLY IMPRESSED, SAYS IN PART:

BY CREATING A CLONED ADULT MAMMAL ..... SCOTTISH RESEARCHERS HAVE ENTERED A NEW WORLD OF SCIENCE, FILLED WITH MEDICAL PROMISE BUT FRAUGHT WITH ETHICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, PRACTICAL AND EVEN THEOLOGICAL QUESTIONS. ..... CLONING MAMMALS FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH, FOR USE IN PRODUCING DRUGS AND FOR ANIMAL HUSBANDRY HAS GREAT POTENTIAL, BUT THE NOTION OF CREATING PERFECT GENETIC COPIES OF HUMANS RAISES A HOST OF UNSETTLING POSSIBILITIES. ....THE WORLD MUST NOW LEARN TO DEAL WITH THIS NEW SCIENCE, JUST AS PRIMITIVES LEARNED TO USE FIRE AND MODERN HUMANS ARE WRESTLING WITH THE USES OF NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY. THE QUESTIONS IS: ARE WE READY YET?"

IN NEW ENGLAND, THE BOSTON GLOBE PICKS UP THAT THEME:

"A LOT OF SCIENTISTS, INCLUDING DR. IAN WILMUT, WHO HEADED THE ..... RESEARCH, SAY THEY WOULD NOT GO DOWN THE ROAD TO HUMAN CLONING AND FIND SUCH TINKERING OFFENSIVE. BUT OTHER SCIENTISTS FEEL THAT WHERE A RESEARCH FRONTIER BECKONS, THEY SHOULD GO. SUCH CURIOSITY AND THE PUSHING OF TECHNOLOGICAL LIMITS IS, AFTER ALL, WHAT MAKES THE FIELD EXCITING, AND HAS BROUGHT ABOUT THE WORLD'S GREAT DISCOVERIES. BOTH ATTITUDES MUST COME TOGETHER IN VIGOROUS, EXTENSIVE PUBLIC DEBATE."

THE NATIONAL USA TODAY POSES, AMONG ITS OTHER COMMENTS, THIS QUESTION.

"....ASK YOURSELF: IF SCIENCE CAN REPRODUCE ANY INDIVIDUAL, WILL WE SOMEDAY CONCLUDE THAT INDIVIDUAL LIFE HAS NO INTRINSIC VALUE? THE ANSWER: WHO KNOWS? DESPITE A FEW BRIEF BLIPS IN THE PAST QUARTER CENTURY, SCIENCE AND SOCIETY HAVE JOINTLY FAILED TO RESOLVE THESE ISSUES. WE BARELY UNDERSTAND THE ETHICS OF CLONING SHEEP, MUCH LESS HUMANS. YET HERE WE ARE, CONFRONTED BY THE POSSIBILITY."

WRITING A REBUTTAL TO THE MAIN EDITORIAL IN USA TODAY, JEREMY RIFKIN, PRESIDENT OF THE FOUNDATION ON ECONOMIC TRENDS IN WASHINGTON SAYS IN PART:

"ANIMAL CLONING IS A FUNDAMENTAL DEPARTURE FROM BOTH NATURAL EVOLUTION AND CLASSICAL BREEDING AND OUGHT TO BE PROHIBITED ON BOTH ETHICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL GROUNDS. IT RISKS UNDERMINING BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY WITHIN EACH SPECIES, AND SHORT-TERM COMMERCIAL BENEFITS COULD THREATEN LONGTERM SURVIVABILITY OF OUR FELLOW CREATURES. ..... HUMAN CLONING RAISES THE ULTIMATE QUESTION OF WHO SHOULD PLAY GOD."

AND FINALLY, THESE THOUGHTS FROM THE WALL STREET JOURNAL.

"WE HAVE BEEN STARING ..... INTO THE FACE OF THE CLONED LAMB, DOLLY, STARING OUT AT ALL OF US FROM THE WORLD'S FRONT PAGES. DOLLY HAS THE EYES OF AN INTERLOCUTOR. SHE SEEMS TO BE SAYING: YOU HAVE DONE THIS TO ME SO THAT I MAY OFFER THE BENEFITS OF MEDICINE TO YOU, BUT BEFORE YOU DO THIS TO YOURSELF, I THINK YOU SHOULD KNOW MORE ABOUT WHO YOU ARE."

AND ON THAT PHILOSOPHICAL NOTE, WE CONCLUDE THIS SAMPLING OF REACTION TO THE NEWS THAT A MAMMAL HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY CLONED BY SCIENTISTS IN SCOTLAND.

25-Feb-97
Source: Voice of America


Please use your Back Button to Return